Reinforced concrete
A fundamental modern method combining concrete in compression with reinforcing steel in tension to form beams, columns, slabs, and walls.
Concrete resists compression but is weak in tension and bending. Steel placed in the tensile zone makes both materials act as one reinforced-concrete section.
Cast-in-place work proceeds through formwork, reinforcement, placement, and curing. Joints, cover, and compaction determine durability and fire resistance, while precast members are made in factories and assembled on site.
Unity Temple, Villa Savoye, and Ando’s exposed-concrete works use it as both structure and finish. In towers it commonly forms cores and slabs.
Its limits include self-weight, curing time, shrinkage cracking, chlorides, and carbonation. Advanced mixes help, but detailing and workmanship remain decisive.
