Truss

A triangulated frame that converts bending into axial force to cross long spans.

Triangulating top chords, bottom chords, and diagonals can span farther with less material than a deep solid beam. Trusses are common in roofs, bridges, airports, and arenas.

Pratt, Warren, Howe, and Fink describe common arrangements, while three-dimensional versions become space frames. Connections and buckling govern design.

The Eiffel Tower’s lattice and many station roofs enlarge the geometric stability of triangles to architectural scale.